Was Christ (peace be upon him) really crucified?

- Kashif Zuberi
kashifzzub@gmail.com

In order to dwell in the topic, let us understand what it means to 'crucify'.
Crucify is to kill someone by tying or nailing them to a cross and leaving them there to die
[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary]
In other words, if a person does not die, he is not crucified.

What does the Qur'an say?
[004:157] That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Apostle of God";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) know ledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:-
[004:158] Nay, God raised him up unto Himself; and God is Exalted in Power, Wise;-
[004:159] And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them;-

In the above three verses, Quran clearly mentions that Jesus was not crucified, and that he was raised up alive and would return back to earth before his death and before the day of Judgment.

Claim of the Christians

Christians claim that Jesus Christ (PBUH) was crucified and a number of prophecies from the old and the new testament were fulfilled. Let us today examine this claim by studying the Biblical narration of the incidence.

The Biblical Narration

Although Christians try to refer to a number of incidences in the Bible as referring to as a prophecy about the crucifixion of Jesus, when we actually go through the Biblical narrations, we see a lot of problems in it. The biggest of them of them is a prophecy made by Jesus himself.

The Sign of Jonah

It is reported in the Bible that when Jesus had claimed that he was the promised Messiah (translated as Christ) to the Jews, Matthew records that the learned men among the Jews - the Scribes and Pharisees - came to Jesus and asked

"MASTER, WE WOULD SEE A SIGN FROM THEE". [Matthew 12:38]

Sign in the above verse ofcourse means a miracle. In the "New International Version", supported by Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and Reformed churches, the word is expanded as "miraculous sign".

So Jesus responds -

"AN EVIL AND ADULTEROUS GENERATION SEEKETH AFTER A SIGN; AND THERE SHALL NO SIGN (no miracle) BE GIVEN TO IT, BUT THE SIGN (miracle) OF THE PROPHET JONAS: FOR AS JONAS WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE WHALE'S BELLY; SO SHALL THE SON OF MAN BE THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE HEART OF THE EARTH." [Matthew 12:39-40]
Jesus says, "NO SIGN." He does not refer the Jews to blind Bartimeus whose sight he had restored. He does not speak about the "woman with issues" who was healed by merely touching him; or about the 2000 pigs he had destroyed to heal "a man possessed;" or the 5000 and the 3000 people he had fed and satiated with a few pieces of fish and a few pieces of bread. "No sign," says Jesus, BUT ONE! - "THE SIGN OF THE PROPHET JONAS!" He is putting all his "eggs" in one basket. His claim to being the Messiah (Christ) stands or falls the ONLY "sign" he was prepared to give.

What was the sign of Jonah?

To know what the sign of Jonah was, we need to go back to the book of Jonah.we read in the Bible God commanded Jonah to go to Nineveh and warn the Ninevites to repent from their "evil ways, and from the violence that is in their hands." (Jonah 3:8) But Jonah was loath to go as a warner unto the Ninevites, so he goes to Joppa instead of Ninevah, and takes a boat to run away from the Lord's command.

While at sea, there was a terrible tempest. According to the superstition of the mariners, a person fleeing from his Master's command creates such a turmoil at sea. They began to enquire among themselves and said, "COME, AND LET US CAST LOTS, (like the tossing of a coin, "head" or "tail") THAT WE MAY KNOW FOR WHOSE CAUSE THIS EVIL IS UPON US. SO THEY CAST LOTS, AND THE LOT FELL UPON JONAH." (Jonah 1:7). Though here was a temporary lapse on the part of Jonah in fulfilling his mission, he manfully and most outrageously volunteers: "AND HE SAID UNTO THEM TAKE ME UP, AND CAST ME FORTH INTO THE SEA; SO SHALL THE SEA BE CALM UNTO YOU: FOR I KNOW THAT FOR MY SAKE THIS GREAT TEMPEST IS UPON YOU." (Jonah 1:12)

The question arises that, when they threw Jonah overboard, was he dead or was he alive? We get a unanimous reply — that he was ALIVE! The storm subsides, perhaps it was a coincidence. A fish comes and swallows him. Was he dead or alive? And again everyone says ALIVE! From the fishes belly he prays to God for help. Do dead men pray? "No!" So he was ,.. ALIVE! On the third day the fish vomits him onto the seashore — dead or alive? And the reply again is ALIVE! It is a miracle of miracles!

Let me recapitulate this Mighty Miracle from the Book of Jonah:
1. When you throw a man into a raging sea, he ought to die. Because Jonah did not die, therefore, it is a MIRACLE!

2. A fish comes and gobbles the man; he ought to die. He did not die. It is now therefore, a double MIRACLE!

3. Because of heat and suffocation in the whale's belly for three days and three nights, he ought to die. He did not die, therefore, it is now a miracle of MIRACLES!

When you expect a man to die, and he does not die, only then is it a MIRACLE. If a man faces a firing squad and six bullets are pumped into his body at the given signal, and the man dies. Is it a miracle? "No!" But if he lives to laugh it off, would that be a miracle? Of course it would be a MIRACLE. We expected Jonah to die each time, but he does not die; therefore, his is a multiple MIRACLE.

and this is the sign that Jesus gave

FOR AS JONAS WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE WHALE'S BELLY; SO SHALL THE SON OF MAN BE THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE HEART OF THE EARTH." [Matthew 12:39-40]

Jonah was alive for three days and three nights, when we expect him to be dead. to fulfill this prophecy, Jesus should be alive, when we expect him to be dead. it would be a miracle, a sign. but if he was dead then its not like Jonah, it is unlinke Jonah and he would fail to fulfill the only sign he promised to these Jews.

Claim of the Time factor

Some christians claim that Jesus was referring to the time factor. They say that the word "THREE" is repeated F-O-U-R times in this verse to prove that Jesus was going to fulfill the prophecy as regards the length of time he was going to remain in the tomb, and NOT 'As Jonas was' in relation to his being alive or dead. However the reality is that there is nothing miraculous about the time factor. if someone says that he is going to remain in a room for three days and three nights, will it be a miracle? the answer is no. The miracle was being alive when we expect him to be dead. But the christian would argue that no, no, he was referring to the time factor. so let us analyse that.

When we ask them, when was Christ crucified? They say Friday afternoon some two thousand years ago.This is the reason why "Good Friday" is celebrated in the christian world. When we ask What makes Good Friday" so good? "it is the death of Christ on the Cross on this day to wash off our sins," says the Christians.

The enemies of Christ were as much as they were in a hurry to hang him on the cross, they were in equal hurry to bring him down from the cross before sunset on Friday because of the Sabbath. Because the Jews were warned in Deuteronomy 21:23 that the victim of crucifixion was an "accursed of God" and was not to be permitted to remain hanging on the Sabbath day, "that thy land be not defiled which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance."

To satisfy the religious scruples of the Scribes and Pharisees the "secret disciples" of Jesus took down the body from the cross. They gave the body the Jewish burial-bath, plastered it with "one hundred pounds weight of aaloes and myrrh" (John 19:39), then placed the shrouded body into the sepulcher before night-fall.

Jesus Christ was SUPPOSED to have been in the tomb on the night of Friday. He was still SUPPOSED to be in the tomb on the day of Saturday. And he was still SUPPOSED to be in the tomb on the night of Saturday. But on Sunday morning, the first day of the week, when Mary Magdalene visited the tomb, she found the tomb empty.

The reason why i have used supposed is that none of the 27 Books of the New Testament record the time of his exit from the tomb.

let us see whether Jesus was THREE days and THREE nights in the tomb:-

FRIDAY - placed in tomb just before sunset, so he was in the tomb
FRIDAY NIGHT - One night
SATURDAY - supposed to be in tomb One day One night
SUNDAY - He is out of the tomb
TOTAL One Day Two Nights

You will no doubt note that the GRAND TOTAL is ONE day and TWO nights, and NOT three days and three nights. So according to this interpretation of the prophecy also Jesus does not fulfill the prophecy.

Some Christians try to argue and say that we can count a part of a day as a full day. Even if we accept this, we will find out

Friday day - One day

Friday Night - One Night

Saturday day - One day

Saturday Night - One Night

Sunday day - One day

If we add up, it still comes to 3 days and 2 Nights. But Jesus said "FOR AS JONAS WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE WHALE'S BELLY; SO SHALL THE SON OF MAN BE THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE HEART OF THE EARTH." [Matthew 12:39-40]

So he fails again. The Only way this prophecy could have been fulfilled was if Jesus was alive and not crucified.

The Defense put by Jesus Christ (PBUH)

The christians claim that Jesus Christ (PBUH) was willing to die and be crucified. contrary to this claim we find Jesus putting forth every possible defense he could have done.

THE TRAITOR KNOWN

The furtive looks and the suspicious behaviour of Judas had revealed everything to Jesus (pbuh). At the Table in the Upper-room where Jesus and his disciples were having that "Last Supper", Jesus dismissed Judas with the words:

". . . What thou doest, do quickly." (HOLY BIBLE) John 13:27

And Judas took off to put the seal on the deal to the stab-in-the-back.

PREPARATION FOR JIHAAD

Jesus introduces the subject of defense. Gently he begins:

"When I sent you without purse, and scrip, and shoes, lacked ye anything?" And they said, "Nothing" Then said he unto them, "But now, he that hath no purse, let him take it, and likewise his bag; and he that hath no SWORD, let him sell his garment and buy one!"
(HOLY BIBLE) Luke 22:35-36

Do note that he told his disciples to buy 'SWORD'. his advice was not to buy knife which is used to cut apples, but sword, which is used to cut people's neck.

so the disciples responded
". . . Lord, behold, here are two SWORDS." And he said unto them, "It is enough". (HOLY BIBLE) Luke 22:38

If this was a preparation for war, then why should two swords be "enough"? The reason is that Jesus was not contemplating a battle against the legions of Rome. Since his "friend" Judas was in league with the Temple authorities, he was expecting a clandestine, underhand attempt by the Jewish oligarchy to seize him. It would be a question of Jews against Jews. In such a battle against the Jewish temple servants and the riff-raff of the town, he would prevail. Of that he was sure. He had with him Peter (the Rock) and John and James (the sons of Thunder) together with the other eight, each vying with one another to go to prison for him; to die for him.

Positioning the Defense forces.

in the middle of the night, he leads his disciples to Gethsemane-Gethsemane — an olive press — a courtyard built of stone walls some 5 miles out of town. He places eight of the eleven disciples at the entrance to the courtyard, commanding them:

"... Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder." (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 26:36

Observe, Jesus does not take the eight with him to pray. He positions them strategically at the entrance to the courtyard; armed to the hilt, as the circumstances would allow:

"And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee. . .

Then saith he unto them. . . tarry ye here and watch with me." (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 26:37-38

This make an inner line of defense — he had put eight at the Gate, and, now these zealous Zealots (the fighting Irishmen of their day), armed with SWORDS, to "wait and watch " — TO KEEP GUARD! The picture is very vivid; Jesus leaves nothing to our imagination. A-n-d HE (alone) prayed!

JESUS PRAYS FOR RESCUE

". . . and began to be sorrowful and very depressed. Then saith he unto them, ‘my soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even unto death' . . ."

"And he went a little further, and fell on his face (Exactly as the Muslim does in Salaat), and prayed, saying, "O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt." (He submits his will to the will of God). (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 26: 37-39

"And being in an agony, he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat was, as it were, great drops of blood falling down to the ground’’ (HOLY BIBLE) Luke 22:44

The Sleepy disciples

Strange as it may sound, after every outpouring of prayer, Jesus Christ found his disciples lulled to sleep at their post. Again and again he bewailed:

"What could ye not watch with me for one hour?" — (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 26:40.

"And again he (Jesus) went away, and prayed, and spoke the same words. And when he returned, he found them sleep again …" — (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 14:39-40.

Poor St. Mark bemoans that the disciples could give no excuse for their lassitude, their somnambulism. He records:

"neither knew they what to answer him", — (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 14:40

However, the most lucid, the most coherent and systematic of all Gospel writers, St. Luke, hazards a guess for this anomaly. He says:
"And when he (Jesus) rose from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for SORROW." (HOLY BIBLE) Luke 22:45

MISCALCULATION

Jesus had doubly miscalculated:-

1. Regarding the enthusiasm demonstrated by the disciples in that upper-room. Believing that he would only have to contend with the Jews in a clandestine arrest.

2. The Jews were more wily then he had thought. They brought with them Roman soldiers.

"Judas then, having received a BAND OF MEN and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh there with lanterns and torches and weapons" (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:3

"Band of men": here and in verse 12 following, the words in the so-called original manuscripts are speira and chiliarchos respectively. Both Roman military terms, meaning "cohort" and "tribune". "That John is the first Evangelist to mention Roman soldiers among the party which went out to arrest our Lord . . ." See Knox's — "A New Testament Commentary", page 260.

CHANGE OF STRATEGY

Only one of the soldiers of Christ had the presence of mind to ask:
". . . Master, shall we smite them with the sword?" (HOLY BIBLE) Luke 22:49

But before Jesus could attempt a reply, the impetuous Peter struck out with his sword and cut off the right ear of one of the enemy. Jesus had not anticipated Roman soldiers. Realising that the tables were turned against his misconceived strategy, he advises his disciples:
". . . Put up again thy sword into its place; for all they that TAKE THE SWORD shall PERISH WITH THE SWORD." (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 26:52

Why This change?
Did Jesus not know the truth of this statement when he ordered his disciples to sell their garments and buy SWORDS? He surely did! Then why the contradiction now? . There is really no contradiction! The situation changes, so the strategy must also change. He had sense enough to realise that against trained and well-equipped Roman soldiers it would be suicidal for his sleepy warriors to offer even a pretence of resistance.

The TRIAL
With heavy hands, the Roman soldiers dragged Jesus (pbuh) from Gethsemane to Annas, and from Annas to Caiphas the High Priest, and on to the Sanhedrin as directed by the Jews, for trial and execution. what about the disciples? St. Mark records

"AND THEY ALL FORSOOK HIM, AND FLED." (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 14:50

The defense put forth by Jesus at trail.

A trial, past midnight was against Jewish practice; but who cares? Despite sympathetic and encouraging prosecutors and jurors, the false witnesses could not tally in their evidences.

It was too much for Jesus. He could not hold his peace. He had to remonstrate. He made a telling plea in his own defence, saying:
"... I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, where the Jews always gather; and in secret have 1 said nothing." (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:20

The Jews could not get even two to agree in their allegations! "But neither did their witness agree together" - (Mark 14:59)

Jesus protested further
"... if I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil. But if well, why smitest thou me?" (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:23

The victim was slipping out from between their fingers. It was now or never. Legally they could not incriminate him. Direct intervention was necessary. The High Priest interjects with a side thrust. Tell us then:
"… Art thou the Christ, the son of the Blessed? And Jesus said, I am . . . " (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 14:61-62

The High Priest was exultant. He felt that his rapier thrust had ripped open the defence of Jesus. To dramatise his contrived victory, he began renting his clothes.

"What need have we for any further witnesses? And they all condemned him to be guilty of death." — (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 14:63-64

"SON OF GOD"— NO BLASPHEMY

Do note here that 'son of God' was not an issue, as far as the Jews were concerned. There are numerous places in the Old Testament where his title has been given to others.

“And you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says the Lord, “Israel is my first-born son, and I say to you, ‘Let my son go that he may serve me.’”
[The Bible, Exodus 4:22-23]

God is recorded as saying to Prophet David, in Psalms 2:7, “I will tell the decree of the Lord: He said to me, ‘You are my son, today I have begotten you.’”

Job 1:6, “Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them"

In 2nd Samuel 8:13-14, God calls Prophet Solomon His son, “13 He [Solomon] shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom for ever. 14I will be his father, and he shall be my son.”

The issue was that they did not accept him as the promised christ. so they intended to kill him, guilty or not guilty.


Taken to PILATE
The verdict was quick and unanimous. It was cut and dried! But without the Roman consent, they could not hang him. In the morning they took their victim to Pontius Pilate, because, as they said:
"It is not lawful for us (Jews) to put any man to death". — (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:31.

On discovering that Jesus was a Galilaean, the most troublesome of his subjects, Pilate felt it advisable to "pass the buck" to Herod. After a fruitless attempt to elicit co-operation from Jesus, Herod sends him back to Pilate.

The Jews had condemned Jesus for blasphemy. This would not hold water before Pilate. He had his man-gods beyond counting. This the Jews very well knew. So they changed their charge from blasphemy to treason. They began accusing:

". . . We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ, a king." (HOLY BIBLE) Luke 23:2

The charge was absolutely false. Contrary to what they are alleging, he had said, on the subject of taxation:
"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God, the things that are God's"— (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 22:21.

Jesus defends again
Incredulously the pilate asks Jesus:
"… Art thou the King of the Jews?’ … Jesus answered him, "MY KINGDOM IS NOT OF THIS WORLD, if my kingdom was of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now is my kingdom not from hence.’ " (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:33-36

A masterful defense! No one could have done a better job. As a man of God, he could not disavow his religious status. His was a spiritual kingdom, a ruler to rescue his nation from sin and formalism. This was all nonsense to the Roman Governor. The man may be deluded, mad; but of no danger to the State. He was on no collision course with Rome. Pilate goes to the waiting Jews and delivers an unequivocal verdict —

"... I FIND IN HIM NO FAULT AT ALL!" (HOLY BIBLE) John 18:38

But the Jews began blackmailing him saying:
". . . If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar's friend; whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh agaist Caesar" (HOLY BIBLE) John 19:12

Although reluctant Pilate was forced to give in to the Jewish clamour of "Crucify him, crucify him!". "Pilate took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this righteous man." — (Matthew 27:24).

The Dream of the PILATES WIFE
After Jesus was arrested by the Roman soldiers, while the trial was under way, Pilate's wife sends him a message: "Have thou nothing to do with that just man (Jesus); for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him." — (HOLY BIBLE) Matthew 27:19.

So we see that Pilate's wife shown a dream in which she is told that no harm should come to Jesus. In other words that he should be saved ALIVE!

Mary Magdalene Testifies
Another problem with the christian claim and the Biblical Narration is the incidence of Mary Magdalene and Jesus on the sunday morning. The way Mary Magdalene reacts and later testifies, and the statements made by Jesus himself, seems to suggest that he did not die.

We read in the Bible that it was Sunday morning, the FIRST day of the week, according to Hebrew calculations, with Saturday the Sabbath as the seventh, when Mary Magdalene alone (Mark 16:9 and John 20:1) visited the tomb of Jesus.

"Why did she go there?"
"TO ANOINT HIM", Mark 16:1 tells us. The Hebrew word for anoint is "masaha", which means to rub, to massage, to anoint.

Again the question is why? Do Jews massage dead bodies after 3 days? The answer is "No!". Then why should a Jewess want to massage a dead, decaying body after 3 days? It would, make sense if she was looking for a LIVE person. Since she was the only person besides Joseph of Arimathe'a and Nicodemus who had given the final rites to the body of Jesus, there is a possibility that she may have seen any sign of life in the body of Jesus when he was taken down from the cross.

Furthermore, when we read further we come to know, Jesus was there! He was watching this woman. He knows who she is, and he knows why she is there. He approaches her from behind, and finds her crying. So he asks her:

"Woman, why wee pest thou? Whom seekest thou? — (HOLY BIBLE) John 20:15

In describing this incident John, referring to Mary Magdalene, says:
"She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him". (Still John 20:15)

Now why should she suppose that he is a gardener? Do resurrected persons look like "gardeners"? Nol! Then why does she suppose him to be a gardener? Because he must have been disguised as a GARDENER! Why is he disguised as a gardener? Because he is afraid of the Jews! Why is he afraid of the Jews? Because he did not die and did not conquer death!

Mary supposing the disguised Jesus to be a gardener, says unto him:
"Sir, if you have taken HIM hence, tell me where have you laid HIM . . ." (HOLY BIBLE) John 20:15

Note the words "where have you ‘LAID’ him?", NOT, "where have you BURIED him?"

"So that I might take HIM away." (HOLY BIBLE) John 20:15

Take HIM away, where? What would she want with a dead (?), decomposing body? She could only bury it. carrying a corpse of at least a hundred and sixty pounds? That weight plus another 100 pounds of medicaments (according to John 19:39) would make a neat load of 260 pounds. Carrying would be one thing, but burying? She would have to dump it in a hole! Does it make any sense?

Jesus responds by saying "Mary!". It was not the mere utterance of the word "Mary", but its deliberate intonation which made her respond: "Master! Master!". Mad with happiness, she lunges forward to grab her Master, to pay reverence.

Jesus says,
"Touch me not!" (HOLY BIBLE) John 20:17
why?
For I am not yet ASCENDED unto my Father." (HOLY BIBLE) John 20:17

She is not blind. She can see the man standing there before her. What does he mean by "not yet ascended" — GONE UP — when he was DOWN right there?

He is, in fact, telling her that he is not RESURRECTED from the DEAD. In the language of the Jew, in the idiom of the Jew, he is saying: "I AM NOT DEAD YETl" — He is saying: "I AM ALIVE!"

and the testification

"And they (the disciples), when they heard that he was ALIVE, and had been seen by her (Mary Magdalene),they BELIEVED NOT." (HOLY BIBLE) Mark 16:11

Note the words 'ALIVE' not 'RESURRECTED'. What they could not believe was that the Master was ALIVE!

Conclusion from the Biblical narrations
It is clear that the above quoted Biblical verses show that Jesus Christ (peace be upon him) was not really crucified.

Do all Chrsitians agree that Jesus was crucified?
Many people think that christians unanimously agree that Jesus was crucified. However this is not the case. There are other christian writings found (many of which were suppressed by the official church after the council on nicea) which speak of something else. Some suggest that someone else was substituted in place of Jesus at the time of crucifixion. Here is an example of One from the 'the Apocalypse of Peter'

Peter said -
"The Savior said to me, "He whom you saw on the tree, glad and laughing, this is the living Jesus. But this one into whose hands and feet they drive the nails is his fleshly part, which is the substitute being put to shame, the one who came into being in his likeness. But look at him and me."

The Apocalypse of Peter
This can be read from the following link
Conclusion
So we conclude that we cannot rely on the Biblical narration, as it raises a number of questions.
But God through His final revelation makes clear to us that Jesus was not crucified, as i had quoted above. I would like to conclude by quoting the following verses of the Quran
[003:054] And (the unbelievers) plotted and planned, and God too planned, and the best of planners is God.
[003:055] Behold! God said: "O Jesus! I will take thee and raise thee to Myself and clear thee (of the falsehoods) of those who blaspheme; I will make those who follow thee superior to those who reject faith, to the Day of Resurrection: Then shall ye all return unto me, and I will judge between you of the matters wherein ye dispute.

[003:056] "As to those who reject faith, I will punish them with terrible agony in this world and in the Hereafter, nor will they have anyone to help."